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May 2021

Art Therapy

Devil Show: Manipulation in Art Therapy Prison Work

Devil Show

What Happens in Vegas

What happens in Vegas, stays in Vegas, so the tagline goes. In no time, prison can rear up its dark side harkening things no one asks about. From a bet gone wrong, gang activity, conflicts with security and so on, violence is a by-product of prison life. After conviction, criminal activity doesn’t necessarily end once an inmate starts doing time. When laws are broken behind bars, inmates are sent to confinement.

In Your Tiny Little Cell

Confinement is essentially the jail for prison. Inmates are housed in confinement as they go through a hearing process for the rule violation and if found guilty, receive a disciplinary report (DR) and sentencing. DR’s can reduce gain time for eligible inmates and can extend their EOS (end of sentence). In confinement, inmates lose the privilege of living in an open bay or 2-man cell living quarters with open areas to walk about. In contrast, confinement entails small cells with restricted movement such as only getting phone privileges once per week. If inmates continue to break rules, an inmate could be transferred to an institution with Close Management (CM) for tighter control.

The Game

On this Friday, mental health was contacted by confinement to see an inmate claiming “psychological emergency,” that is, the inmate is stating he is suicidal or homicidal. On the walk down, I am granted permission to enter. Taking my first breath of the putrid confinement air, I begin to cough and tear up. Walking into the entrance, the seemingly normal air is not clear at all. Uncontrollably, I begin coughing and tearing. In the space, many officers are coughing with puffy eyes but walking at a normal pace with the look of “just another day in the office.” Looking up into the face of this inmate, he looks unphased. Earlier this day, this inmate was inappropriate and uncooperative when mental health checks were completed. Post-pepper spray, he was able to wash up. He stood tall, angry and matter-of-fact, awaiting his opportunity to stick-it-to security by getting a ticketed move out of confinement from his mental health visit.

Idol-ness of Prison Life

In the song “The Devil Went Down to Georgia,” the devil offers a bet to a boy named Johnny for the best fiddle playin’. To kick off this soul quest, the devil says, “I’ll start this show” (Hayward et al., 1979, May 21). In prison, manipulation is the name of the game. From the idleness of living, inmates often find maladaptive ways to spend their time. This idleness can become “idol-ness,” pointing inmates into this revered path to exploit other inmates, staff or prison services. With nothing to do, serving time can become the devil’s time.

Art Therapist with Conviction

Nothing wakes you up like the unknowing whiff of pepper spray in the morning. If you haven’t already questioned why you’re working there, an existential crisis could definitely ensue. Reflecting upon this peppery show, I created a poem and image called “Devil Show.”

“Devil Show”

Hidden to the eye
Nose finds flames – oh my!
Throat’s closing & binding
Doubling over
Eyes water
Coughing ensues
There’s a job to do.

Looking up at pain
From the burning rain
So sad to see such effort
Require the need of pepper.

Pains behind these bars
Spread to make more scars
Cycle over and over repeats
Boredom from these streets.

Creativity finds its path
But this way causes wrath
How may we implore
A way to pay debts
To be so much more.

Watching the “Devil Show,” this scheme often gets stuck in reruns: new inmate, new day but same show. From the song “The Devil Went Down to Georgia,” Johnny stated, “Devil, just come on back if you ever wanna try again, ‘Cause I’ve told you once–you son of a bitch–I’m the best there’s ever been” (Hayward et al., 1979, May 21). Like pepper spray filling a room, confinement is infused again with these droplets of deceit. Drawing the image allowed me to see the sadness of the situation. Plus, I could step back and recognize the inherent manipulation of therapeutic work in prison. Looking up into the eyes of this anger, most inmates are masking a felt idleness and depression. Gussak (2020) stated there’s a need to “rehumanize the dehumanized;” pointing out the need for inmates to regain their identity which is often stripped in this controlled setting. At the end of the day, this art therapist with conviction now knows, “Granny, does your dog bite? No, child, no.”

References

Gussak, D. E. (2020). Art and art therapy with the imprisoned: Re-creating identity. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Hayward, C. F., Daniels, C., Edwards, F., Marshall, J. W., Crain, J. & Digregorio, W. J. (1979, May 21). The Devil Went Down to Georgia. [Recorded by Charlie Daniels Band]. On Million Mile Reflections. New York City, NY: Epic Records.

Art Therapy

Humans are Beings: Therapeutic Caseloads in a Prison System

Humans are Beings

Beep Beep

“Another bus has arrived” is announced as I walk through medical records, “looks like there are 50.” In preparation, medical staff move charts quickly to prepare the inmates for their continuance of care. Often, when an inmate has received their sentencing for 5, 15 or 30 years or even LIFE, there’s the thought “lock ‘em up and throw away the key.” There is a perception that inmates go directly to prison, one building, one room and that’s it.

Making the Circuit

However, the process actually involves a lot of movement. Initially, an inmate is taken to a prison reception center where intake and examinations are completed for medical, mental health, education and other needs. An inmate is then assigned to an institution based on needs. The movement doesn’t stop there. Inmates are constantly moved for plenty of reasons: behavior (good and bad), programs, treatment and more. Many inmates “make the circuit” by moving among many facilities throughout their sentencing. Inmates can request transfers as they seek perceived “easier” camps, programs or locations closer to their families or friends.

Holding the Space

As an art therapist practicing in the prison setting, managing the ever-changing caseload is a challenge. The constant change of inmates can adversely impact building the therapeutic relationship. To do no harm, I view each counseling session as standalone. The session goal is that of sublimation, a means to channel intense thoughts or emotions into a positive art intervention. With a road drawing or bridge drawing exercise, inmates can redirect emotions like anger, confusion, and sadness into a concretized image. Holding the space, the image can be explored for meaning together. Ideally, we discuss what they wish to work on in the next therapy session. Then, I cross my fingers that we may meet again.

Art Therapist with Conviction

Prison settings have many complexities that can complicate the work of art therapy. As a human being working to be in connection with another human being, I have struggled with injustices and barriers for ideal care. With no doubt, the assaultive nature of inmate crimes has secured their sentences. Society assigns the cost as a loss of freedom. Gussak (2020) acknowledged so much more is lost beyond freedom, “oppressing [those] already oppressed” (p. 52). In reflection, I created a poem and image called “Humans are Beings.”

“Humans are Beings”

Next next.
Going behind the fence
Bluebird bus shows
So population grows
All lined in their blues
Wander what this camp has due.
So boredom ensues.

Same stories, same crimes
With familiar scripted lines
Begging the same questions again
No wonder the act has settled in.

Next next.
Just move ‘em along
It’s okay I’ve heard this song
“Checked out”
So no “Check in” needed
Humans are beings
This must be heeded.

Printmaking as Being

To create the image, a printmaking technique was used to stamp the image of inmates. Thoughts flooded in. The act of “stamping” was like a cookie cutter approach. Similarly, the concept of Just in Time manufacturing came to mind, wherein it’s a way of “help[ing] organizations control variability in their processes, allowing them to increase productivity while lowering costs” (Planview, n.d.). To grapple with the sheer number of inmates, sadly, I realized the printmaking process made it more efficient to create this work.

However, an interesting pattern emerged as the endless flow of people in the correctional system. Faceless behind fences, the adage “lock ‘em up and throw away the key” came up again. Then the idea was challenged: they aren’t forgotten because there is security and staff that works with them every day. Family and friends, the few that are left, are supportive too. With a closer look, some inmate images continued off the paper. Perhaps this image is only a slice of the big picture.

Printmaking allowed a way to tap into the power of communication. Harkening back to the invention of Gutenberg’s press, repetition made its impression. From the Florida Department of Corrections (2020, March 2), Secretary Mark Inch wrote to inmates stating, “With hope, we can remove hate, fear, insecurity and disappointment and grasp onto the truth that, regardless of circumstances, TODAY MATTERS.” As an art therapist, TODAY matters, holding the space is vital for the expression of hope. Making art TODAY, the pattern of inmates pointed to the hope that all humans are beings.

References

Florida Department of Corrections. FDC Communications. (2020, March 2). Secretary’s Message to Inmates and Offenders: Find Hope by M. Inch. Tallahassee, FL: FDC Communications. Retrieved from http://www.dc.state.fl.us/comm/press/main/03-02-sec.html

Gussak, D. E. (2020). Art and art therapy with the imprisoned: Re-creating identity. New York: Routledge.

Planview. (n.d.). What is Just-In-Time Manufacturing? Retrieved from https://www.planview.com/resources/guide/what-is-lean-manufacturing/just-in-time-manufacturing/